Nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav, tshawb nrhiav thiab lub tswb, lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem siv dav hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev lis kev cai, kev kuaj xyuas kev nyab xeeb, metallurgy, kev lag luam thiab mining lag luam, cov chaw tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, thiab lwm yam. -Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb, ntxuav cov hluav taws xob thiab lwm qhov chaw siv hluav taws xob nuclear.